How are you defining growth? Are you defining it by volume? Ie assuming the body mass density remains the same, how much does the weight increase (which means the body is volumetrically growing)?
If not--I am very lightweight right now, and I'm trying to put on body mass by eating more and exercising. While my volume will increase, my main growth is in density. My growth is not in fat, but actual muscle mass. Is this growth? If so, I have gone from 125lb to 140lb in ~2 months, which in absolute terms is obviously more than the baby (my goal is 160lb by the end of the year).
A few years ago, I went from ~130lb to 165 lb in three months--blame the free food at FAANG cafes during an internship. But this might be closer to what you were saying earlier--putting on fat.
Edit. I guess in the original statement saying that a person will never gain weight at this rate again there should be the explicit assumption that we're talking about natural growth, not growth due to external factors (ie more eating--intentional or not). In that case, that statement would be true.
I was just pointing out that a baby does not gain weight faster than it ever will again in its life, in absolute terms. That's all. Not sure why I got the downvotes and no-true-scotsman arguments in return.
Plus fat and some water, yes. And furthermore, to go from a 10 pound baby to a 100 pound adult, I will make the claim that a baby has to gain 900% body mass.
You talked about weight gain, in absolute terms. A novice powerlifter can easily put on both more absolute weight and absolute strength in a year than a newborn.
What I was trying to say is the baby is growing faster. If you stay at average weight throughout your life, like you're tracking along the 50% line on the growth chart, then your fastest weight gain is in your first year. On average that's when you gain the most weight (even in absolute terms), despite the fact that you're much much smaller than, say, a growing teenager.
But putting on 100% or even 200% of weight in a year is not normal or even possible for most adults without crippling their health. All babies do this.